').Ĭonsult the OWL handout for more on the distinction between passive and active voice. The active voice is particularly important in experimental reports, where the subject performing the action should be clearly identified (e.g. ').ĪPA Style encourages using the active voice ('We interpreted the results. Rather, you would use pronouns in place of 'experiments' ('We conducted experiments. It is a common misconception that foregrounding the research requires using the passive voice ('Experiments have been conducted. Avoid using the editorial 'we' if you use 'we' in your writing, be sure that 'we' refers to you and your fellow researchers. In general, you should foreground the research and not the researchers ('The results indicate. For example, a study cannot 'control' or 'interpret' you and your co-authors, however, can. Use first person to discuss research steps rather than anthropomorphising the work. ') and when referring to yourself and your co-authors ('We examined the literature. When writing in APA Style, you can use the first person point of view when discussing your research steps ('I studied. APA also includes the stylistics of your writing, from point of view to word choice. Writing in APA is more than simply learning the formula for citations or following a certain page layout. For more information, please consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th edition, second printing.Ĭontributors:Elizabeth Angeli, Jodi Wagner, Elena Lawrick, Kristen Moore, Michael Anderson, Lars Soderlund, Allen Brizee, Russell Keck Last Edited: 10:53:00 This resource, revised according to the 6th edition, second printing of the APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the reference page. Everything will be properly formatted following APA bibliography guidelines.Summary: APA (American Psychological Association) is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. To cite your ebooks automatically, use the “Book” form at, click “Manual entry mode,” and click the “E-book” tab. Full versions of E-books:Į-books are generally read either on a website, on an e-reader, or on a database.Īuthor Last Name, First initial. Disaster management in archives, libraries and museums. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. The race between education and technology. Middle initial., & Last name, First initial.

Middle initial., Last name, First initial. Citing books in APA Print books with one author:Īuthor Last name, First initial.

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